Loosening Ties A Tradition Of Neglect - 1127 Words

Loosening Ties A Tradition of Neglect Parliament begins to tighten the imperial control (over the American colonies. The colonies became too independent and they need money after the 7 Years War. Resistance was centered around the taxes and the new encroachment of rules. After being â€Å"independent† for so long, the colonies had problems with this new governing. The colonial government was semi-efficient. They were still very depended on England only because they could only trade with them under their rules and laws → They still traded illegally with other outposts. The Colonies Divided Some of the people from the colonies believed that they had a loyalty to England and some believed that they have a duty to this new sense of being an â€Å"american.† Created postal service, trade, public roads, and other public funded and used things without consent of England. The Struggle for the Continent New France and the Iroquois Nation In 1750: The English and French began to have similar interests in the land (religious and economics) and they began to feel the claustrophobia. French explorers traveled down the Mississippi River and wanted the West much like the English but the English did not care about the Indians unlike the French.. The French and English began to offer the Indians different things. English could bring better goods for cheaper prices. French could offer tolerance and were open to Indian lifestyle. This made the Indians pick the French over the English. The FrenchShow MoreRelatedEssay about Morality of Gun Control757 Words   |  4 Pagesbut other things can be done. We have to get back to our roots and become more civil and moral. Throughout recent history our society has continually loosened its moral bonds until we have arrived at the everything goes attitudes of today. This loosening simply has to be reversed. Let me say that this will be a difficult task, but our society MUST put common sense and civility forefront of todays efforts nationwide. It will be harder to fight then any war. We must have an awakening or things willRead MoreOne Significant Change That Has Occurred in the World Between 1900 and 2005. Explain the Impact This Change Has Made on Our Lives and Why It Is an Important Cha nge.163893 Words   |  656 Pagesepidemic of ethnic strife, uncontrolled urban growth, and the dissolution of extended family ties in many societies divided nations and communities and isolated individuals to an extent unparalleled in recorded human history. For teachers, in particular, the challenge of weaving together in meaningful ways the seemingly disparate strands of global history in the twentieth century has often led to its neglect. The fact that the most recent phase of the human experience is usually covered only at theRead More1000 Word Essay85965 Words   |  344 Pagesrequired to have how many periods of EO training per year? 4 (1 each quarter) Define the term ethnic group. A segment of the population that possesses common characteristics and a cultural heritage based to some degree on: faith or faiths; shared traditions, values or symbols;literature, folklore, or music; an internal sense of distinctiveness; and/or an external perception of distinctiveness. (AR 600-20 June 2006 /Terms / PDF 126) Define the term racism. Any attitude or action of a person or institutional

Burberry Is A Luxury Fashion House From United Kingdom

BURBERRY CONTENT TABLE: INDUSTRTY OVERVIEW Burberry is a luxury fashion house from United Kingdom which manufactures clothes and accessories. Burberry is in the retail industry and was founded in 1856 by Thomas Burberry, who launched his first shop in Basingstoke and London. It has got its own stores and global franchisees and sells through concessions in third party stores. Burberry is consider among the top ten luxury brand with a large global business. Burberry is well known for its unique British heritage, positioned between polo Ralph, Armani, Gucci and PPR. (Burberry PLC,2009c). Burberry’s competitors differ through its categories and prices. Integrity of the outerwear depending on the principles of quality,†¦show more content†¦The analysis also states the exact interpretations and validation of each point of calculation of the variety of the assumptions which took for the purposes of the arrangement of the data of its exact interpretation and calculation. Company selection and FTSE 100 Justification. Within this assignment the corporation was selected through the right source as the focussed following t the requirement of this assignment. Following the choice of the company, the interpretation of the data and the inspection the exactness of the data at the measure at which the data is necessary for this report. Every data of the essential number of years is obtained through resource of the company and the information are showed below: Actual data After obtaining the above stated information, the next step is to evaluate the growth rate of each key aspect of the company as selected above. There is only major key aspects and the line items of the balance sheet and income statement was selected which are having the direct influence on the economic decisions of the stakeholders of the company. For the forecasting the data there is need of the past presentation of the data and the time series analysis of the data. The calculation of the increasing and the average trend of each of the key aspects of the company as the following rate are stated below: Growth rate Through the growth rate the forecasting for the next five years incurred, the forecasting data is accurately in agreement

Accounting Theory for BP Case -MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discus about theAccounting Theory for BP Case. Answer: Introduction The ignorant behavior of BP leads to a massive leakage of crude oil into the Gulf of Mexico that disturbed the smooth functioning of the entire area. Many other activities came to a grinding halt such as fishing, tourism, etc. The aftermath of the oil spill was disastrous in nature and due to it, many industries shut down its operations so prevent any further losses. The share of the BP underwent a huge change and a sharp decline was observed that can be cited to the oil spill. However, BP took the liability to sustain the overall environment. The activities were composed of clean-up, compensation, research activities, etc. Companies that are associated with the oil spill have to face many torments as they are responsible for damaging the entire situation and needs to clear the spill along with a huge compensation (Fodor Stowe, 2010). Innumerable lawsuits were attracted as the disaster affected to more than 490 miles affecting different states like Florida, Mississippi, etc. Legitimacy Theory Social contract acts as the basis or platform of legitimacy theory by which the companies ensure secure access to the resources due to a positive link with the society. A form of disproportion or variation poses a threat to the legitimacy which is a major issue for the company, striking a breach of the contract. The performance of the organization is a way to build reputation and social value in the society, on which the company relies. The limiting of the resources and breaking of ties with the stakeholders follow legitimate threat which can be a hazard to the survival of the company at any point of time (Stigler, 1972). Legitimacy crisis followed the big environmental accident due to the oil spill, in the case of BP. It actually shook BPs legitimacy. The oil companies need to have a positive pattern of acknowledgment in the annual report, so as to ensure a proper response to the public (Jefferson Bowling, 2011). But no above-mentioned history of such disclosures was found in BPs a nnual report. Clear absence of emergency procedure and actions was found on the part of BP which needs to be followed when there is a spill (Cherry Sneirson, 2010). It was examined that neither preventive measures nor any steps were taken before the incident which in turn highlights that BP flouted the legitimacy theory. Symbolic disclosures were one of the ways tried by BP to regain the legitimacy. An immediate investigation was set up to look into the reason of the spill followed by various methods to assure the prevention of further incidents. The acknowledgment pattern of the BP annual report provides a straight answer about the disclosure it has made for the current scenario. Public Interest Theory Major work done by the institutions and the company in securing the efficiency of the economy is contained in the public interest theory. Tracing of the positive and services that vanished from the ecosystem is a difficult job for the trustees. Depending on the politician's role it is the major function of the agencies to take immediate actions when the situation demands (Mason, 2010). Evaluation of the damages and focusing on the practical scenario was done by the agencies. No topic or any clause highlighted the steps taken by the company for the benefit of the economy or the public, going according to BPs annual report (Broder Krauss, 2011). Public interest theory was never applicable in the case of BP because it never paid any attention towards the growth or benefit of the economy, going by the oil spill disaster. Stakeholder Theory A look into the way in which the stakeholders interact and the type of impact or influence they have on the organization is contained in the stakeholder theory. Organizational activities and the results make the stakeholders eligible for various rights because it is clearly known that the company works with the help of social contracts (Pigou, 1932). Currently, the stakeholder theory goes far beyond the legitimacy theory. Organizations successful in creating positive and strong links with their stakeholder's overlaps and defeat the ones who fail to create a link strong enough. Stakeholder theory highlights that ethics that considers the environment related to both social and physical should be adhered by the organizations (Stigler, 1972). Attention is automatically driven towards such stakeholders that pose a serious to the operations rather than the ones who contribute towards the achievements, as per the stakeholder theory. Along with the entire Gulf Coast, a small village was also affected due to the accident that took place on April 20. An all over economic activity of $40 billion was reported fishing and tourism as the main affected regions. Considering a long run, the habitats of the regions have an indirect control or power over BP rather than a direct control (BP Plc, 2014). Further development followed by restoring whats destroyed should be the plan of BP to ensure a positive relationship with the communities of the Gulf Coast. To resettle social legitimacy it is important for BP to upgrade their relations with the ace stakeholders, as per the stakeholder theory. The U.S. public was outraged and in immense anger after the disastrous incident. A trust of $20 billion was set up by the U.S. federal government who took an active part in the restoring process after considering the situation. Association of Theories with the Accounting Record A company seen as a legitimate by the society should work under some prescribed rules and regulations as a fact of the legitimate theory. It is clearly linked to the social contract theory as the theory throws light on the fact that the companies are required to equalize the expectations that the society feels about them and their, manner of operation. The companies need to establish that that the right way to maintain legitimacy is disclosure (Broder Krauss, 2011). The limitation of the information about the oil spill quantity led to BPs accusation and also a rugged mistrust of the people for BP. Hence, well-informed stakeholders would help BP to stay legitimate. The fragility of the market and the ineffective performance of the company if left to operate alone are the major fundamentals implied by the public interest theory. Huge downfall and the disaster was the cause of lack of resources for enforcement. Also, the lack of adequate resources led to the ineffective work of the agencies. The implication of ethical management is steadily advised by the stakeholder theory and it also states alternate stakeholders. Rear to the oil spill, a wave of dissatisfaction and outrage was faced on the part of BP. But a huge sum of $11.2 billion was allocated by Bp which helped it to move in the correct direction (Jacobson, 2013). Role of Regulators For the smooth functioning of the company and also to maintain a balance in the company, to take the company forward, the role of the regulator is very important. Regulators guarantee that the company is making a positive and favorable image in the eyes of the people as well in the market by accumulating public benefits (Upton, 2011). Establishment of a strong and durable foundation according to the norms requires a vital and strong role of the regulator. Drilling and the deepwater area received the very small amount of attention from BP (Broder, 2012). It is clear from the case of BP that there was a lack of major and important resources for the agencies which were needed for the safeguard of the public. Lack of review scheme and the outdated or old provisions were the main reasons which led to the downfall of OCSLA. Position It is strongly needed by the company to adhere to regulations so that any negative impact can be negated. The public interest theory is important because the public interest theory carries a huge advantage. The company that does not contain a public interest theory needs to bring it under implementation as it needs to be responsible for the acts. The regulations tend to lay a better scope for the economic development and benefit the society at large. Therefore, the imposition of penalties on BP is correct and it needs to take a strong stand regarding the future course of actions. Conclusion Companies like BP that has a strong influence in the market must ensure a strong safety mechanism that will help in eliminating the liability. The disaster of Oil Spill was a major eye opener that disturbed the entire region and led to massive losses for BP. The aftermath affect of the spill ran huge for BP whereby BP sold many assets to compensate for the loss. $30 billion assets were sold for the process of cleanup and legal claims. More than 20% of the assets were sold to compensate for the loss. Going by the overall situation it can be commented that the rules were flouted by BP and that the fines and penalties were correct in nature. It Is the duty of the corporate to look after the society and ensure that the activities should not harm the society. Rather, preventive measures should be taken so that the chances of problematic activities are eliminated. References BP Plc 2014, Annual report and accounts 2014, viewed 23 May 2017, https://www.bp.com/content/dam/bp country/de_de/PDFs/brochures/BP_Annual_Report_and_Form_20F_2014.pdf Broder, J. M Krauss, C 2011, Regulation of Offshore Rigs Is a Work in Progress, The New York Times, viewed 23 May 2017, https://www.nytimes.com/2011/04/17/us/politics/17regulate.html?pagewanted=all_r=0 Broder, J. M 2012, Ruling Favours Owner of Rig in Gulf Spill, The New York Times, viewed 23 May 2017, https://www.nytimes.com/2012/01/27/business/energy-environment/transocean-not-liable-for-some-gulf-spill-claims-judge-rules.html. Cherry, M.A Sneirson, J.F 2010, Beyond Profit: Rethinking Corporate Social Responsibility and Green washing after the BP Oil Disaster, Tulane Law Review, vol. 85, no.4, pp. 983-1038 Fodor, A Stowe, J.D 2010, The BP Oil Disaster: Stock and Option Market Reactions, Working Paper, Ohio University. Jacobson, M 2013, By the Numbers: The Oil Spill and BP's Legal Troubles, PBS News Hour, viewed 25 May 2016, https://www.pbs.org/newshour/rundown/2013/07/gulf-oil-spill-by-the-numbers.html. Jefferson, J Bowling, N 2011, The Economic and Biological Impacts of The BP Oil Spill, NDS 372.01 Environmental Studies Capstone Seminar. Mason, J.R 2010, The Economic Cost of a Moratorium on Offshore Oil and Gas Exploration to the Gulf Region, Working Paper :Louisiana State University. Pigou, A. C 1932, The Economics of Welfare, London: Macmillan and Co. Stigler, G.J. 1972, The Theory of Economic Regulation, Bell Journal of Economics and Management Science vol. 11, pp. 3-21 Upton, H.F 2011, The Deepwater Horizon Oil Spill and the Gulf of Mexico Fishing Industry, A look at Europes Financial Crisis, viewed 23 May 2017, https://hosted.ap.org/specials/interactives/_business/greece_imf/content.swf.

Tata Nano Case Study Essay Example

Tata Nano Case Study Essay The case discusses the making of Tata Nano, the worlds cheapest car, manufactured by India based Tata Motors. On March 30, 2009, Tata Nano was launched with an ex-factory price tag of INR 100,000 (about US$ 2000). The case explains the design and development process of TataNano. The car was the result of a five year research and development project carried out by Tata Nano development team. While developing the car, Tata Motors and its suppliers constantly made efforts to reduce the costs while ensuring quality of each and every component including engine, steering, wheels, tires, windshield washing system, gear shifter etc. THE MAKING OF TATA NANO INTRODUCTION Tata Nano is a proposed city car — a small, affordable, rear-engined, four-passenger car aimed primarily at the Indian market. ABOUT PLANT ? ? Investment of 1500cr. rupees by Tatas. Shifting cost of the plant from singur is around 500 cr. Total area of plant is 1000acres out which 300 acres were alloted for assembling of various parts and rest 700 acres for manufacturing. AIM OF MAKING The project to create the worlds cheapest car inspired by the number of Indian families with two-wheeled rather than four-wheeled transport. TECHNICAL SPECIFICATION AND FEATURES Technical features of tatanano car are: ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? First car in india with rear engine and rear wheel drive. Engine with 623cc A 33bhp car Having fuel efficiency 21. 97km/ltr in city and 25. 5km/ltr on highway. We will write a custom essay sample on Tata Nano Case Study specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Tata Nano Case Study specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Tata Nano Case Study specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer First car with 2 cylinder non opposed petrol engine. Acceleration: 0-70 km/h in 14 seconds. Maximum speed: 105 km/h. Trunk capacity: 15 L. Front brake: disc Rear brake: drum Supplier Relation E. Balasubramanian , head of sourcing for the project, was not a popular man with vendors and there were problem in order to get vendors to pare merging and persuade them to produce components at lower cost . The vendors had to invest in new processes and methods to reengineer their products to specifications that were rigidly guided by cost , performance and regulatory compliances. However A three-shift operation and consolidated purchasing with suppliers provided them with lots of relief. STRATEGIES APPLIED Tata divided the components into two types – proprietary designs and Tata Motors design. For proprietary design components Tata went with established suppliers such as Bosch which supplies the engine management system and has significantly contributed to the future diesel engine. For components and systems designed in-house, Tata Motors chose suppliers with strong process capabilities who could give valuable suggestions and improve on the designs. Nearly everything has been sourced locally and the Nano will have 97% local content from day one. Tata’s suppliers were an integral part of not only the design and development process, but also purchasing. SUPPLIERS TO TATA NANO ? ? ? ? ? ? ? Bosch 8. Freudenburg Caparo 9. GKN Continental 10. ItwDeltar Delphi 11. INA Denso 12. Johnson Controls Fag 13. Mahle Ficosa 14. Saint gobain and many more Where Bosch a German based automotive company it supplies gasoline injection system, starter, alternator, brake system. Caparo vehicle technologies : a Europe based company. It supplies inner structural panels. Continental motors: it is a Europe based company. It supplies fuel level sensor, gasoline fuel supply system and etc. WHY TATA NANO IS SO CHEAP? The below diagram is self-explanatory, where the following features have been modified to reduce the cost: ? No air conditioning on standard model ? Windows wind by hand ? Manual steering no air bag ? 624cc two cylinder engine in boot giving max speed of 70km/h ? Plastic and adhesive replaces welding ? Bodywork made of sheet-metal and plastic DISTRIBUTION STRATEGY Tata nano has applied the open distribution innovation which helped the company to reach maximum to the customers. Following are the reson to apply the open distribution strategy: ? To mobilize large no of third parties to reach remote rural consumers ? Tailor the products and service to more effectively serve their needs and add value to core product through ancillary service. ? ? To increase modularity Creative use of information technology COMPETITORS: Rival car makers including Bajaj Auto, Fiat, General Motors, Ford Motor, Hyundai and Toyota Motor have all expressed interest in building a small car that is affordable to more middle-class consumers in emerging markets. The bulk of demand there is for small cars because people are much more sensitive to fuel prices Honda and Toyota are leading the way on so called cleaner gasoline-electric hybrids, and some environmentalists argue getting prices down on these technologies is where efforts should be concentrated. Inexpensive and eco-friendly electric-cars like Tara Tiny, Oreva Super (both reportedly even cheaper than Tata Nano) and REVA pose even more significant danger to Nano. There are also rumours of Maruti Suzuki introducing a lower priced version of Alto to counter Tata Nano. KEY FACTS EXTRACTED FROM THE CASE: Cost saving has been achieved in all departments i. e. design, development, purchasing, production, materials, logistics and sales. ? The design aimed at minimising the total number of components with a target of each component having a dual functionality. ? Components used in the car have been divided into proprietary and Tata Motors design. Tata went with ventures with many companies li ke bosch which supplies the engine parts. So by doing this TataNano has reduced its cost on manufacturing the car. ? Suppliers have good process capabilities and Tata motors have narrowed down suppliers to a total of 100 from 600. Suppliers are located locally and Tata motors maintain close relationship with the suppliers by involving them in design and development process. ? Tata Nano described as â€Å"Gandhian engineering principles† where the air conditioning, power brakes, radios, etc. —are missing for entry level model to reduce the cost. ? Tata aims to set up plants in four locations in the country to save transportation costs. ? Nano’s modular design is constructed of components that can be built and shipped separately to be assembled in a variety of locations. ? Outsourcing taken up in a big way. Car promotes open distribution i. e. it mobilises large number of third parties to reach remote rural consumers, tailor products and services to more effectively serve their needs and add value to the core product through ancillary services. STRATEGIES BY TATA MOTORS TATA MOTORS MAKE A CAR SO INEXPENSIVELY ? The car is smaller in overall dimensions than the Maruti, but it offers about 20% more seating capacity as a result of design choices such as putting the wheels at the extreme edges of the car ? The Nano is also much lighter than comparable models as a result of efforts to reduce the mount of steel in the car including the use of an aluminium engine and the use of lightweight steel where possible ? Tata Nano described as â€Å"Gandhian engineering principles† where the air conditioning, power brakes, radios, etc. —are missing for entry level model to reduce the cost. ? Nano’s modular design is constructed of components that can be built and shipped separately to be assembled in a variety of locations. Outsourcing taken up in a big way. ? No air conditioning on standard model ? Windows wind by hand ? Manual steering no air bag ? 624cc two cylinder engine in boot giving max speed of 70km/h ? Plastic and adhesive replaces welding ? Bodywork made of sheet-metal and plastic MANAGEMENT POLICIES ? It locates the vendors locally by co-locating them with the plant so as to save on logistics cost. ? Tata Motors has defined criteria for choosing suppliers i. e. those who have high process capabilities. ? It involves suppliers in the design and development process of the car. ? It locates the vendors locally by co-locating them with the plant so as to save on logistics cost. ? Tata Motors aims to achieve a low vendor base as it considers it effective for attaining long term objective of cost reduction and quality improvement. Thus it reduced its network of 600 suppliers to 100. ? Tata believes in entering into long term contracts with the suppliers instead of annual contracts which again aims at low costs in the long run. ? Tata Motors not only works upon its own processes but even helps vendors innovate in their processes so to enhance their process capabilities. Thus vendor management policy adopted by Tata Motors in case of Nano by building strong relationships with the suppliers i. e. promoting SRM (Supplier Relationship Management) as Nano has about 90% of the total car being outsourced.